প্যাত্রিক মোদিয়ানো : সাহিত্যে নোবেল ২০১৪ / ড. মোহাম্মদ আমীন

c¨vwÎK †gvw`qv‡bv

2014 wLª÷v‡ã mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib c¨vwÎK †gvw`qv‡bvi| 2013 wLª÷v‡ã L¨vwZgvb †QvUMíKvi Gwjm gyb‡iv mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cvb| cÖvÄj M‡`¨ gb¯ÍvwË¡K RwUjZv dzwU‡q †Zvjvi Abe`¨ gybwkqvbvi Rb¨ Zuv‡K ÔKvbvWvi †PKfÕ ejv nq| myBwWk A¨vKv‡Wwg 2014 wLª÷v‡ãi 9 A‡±vei e„n¯úwZevi mvwn‡Z¨ ‡bv‡ej weRqx 111Zg †jLK wnmv‡e 69 eQi  eq¯‹ †gvw`qv‡bvi bvg ‡NvlYv K‡i| D‡jøL¨ †gvw`qv‡bv mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi weRqx GKv`k divwm mvwnwZ¨K|

c¨vwÎK †gvw`qv‡bv 1945 wLª÷v‡ãi 30 RyjvB c¨vwi‡mi eyjb kniZwj‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Bûw` ag©vej¤^x wcZv Avjev‡Z©v †gvw`qv‡bv wQ‡jb BZvjxq e¨emvqx Ges gv jyBRv †Kvj‡cb wQ‡jb †ejwRqvg-Awf‡bÎx| cÖv_wgK wk¶v †kl K‡i †gvw`qv‡bv c¨vwi‡mi jywm Auwi-4 †m‡KÛvwi ¯‹y‡j fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b Aa¨qbKv‡j wZwb wk¶K wnmv‡e weL¨vZ †jLK †i‡gv KyB‡bvi m½jv‡fi my‡hvM cvb| KyB‡bvi Drmvn Avi cwiPh©v †gvw`qv‡bvi mvwnZ¨ Rxe‡bi wfwË M‡o †`q| KzB‡bv wb‡RB †gvw`qv‡bv‡K d«v‡Ýi weL¨vZ cÖKvkbv ms¯’v M¨vwjgvi m‡½ †gvw`qv‡bvi †hvMv‡hvM NwU‡q ‡`b| †gvw`qv‡bv ZiæY eq‡m  cÖvwZôvwbK Aa¨qb †Q‡o w`‡q wjL‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| Zuvi `vwe, wZwb R‡b¥i Av‡Mi ¯§…wZI †jLvi g‡a¨ Zy‡j ai‡Z cv‡ib| wb‡Ri †jLvi aib m¤ú‡K© Dwbk kZ‡Ki divwm †jLK ¯Í›`vj‡K D×…Z K‡i †gvw`qv‡bv e‡jb, ÔAvwg NUbvi ev¯ÍeZv w`‡Z cvwi bv, ïay QvqvUv‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvwi|Õ

1970 wLª÷v‡ã †`vwgwbK Rvndz‡mi m‡½ †gvw`qv‡bv weevne܇b Ave× nb| 1974 I 1978 wLª÷v‡ã Zuv‡`i `yB  †g‡q hv_vµ‡g wRbv I gvwi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 1968 wLª÷v‡ã  gvÎ 22 eQi eq‡m †gvw`qv‡bvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm Ôjv cøvm †`v †j‡ZvqvjÕ cÖKvwkZ nq | d«v‡Ýi cvVK‡`i Kv‡Q c¨vwÎK †gvw`qv‡bv GKwU cwiwPZ bvg| Zvi †ek K‡qKwU eB Bs‡iwR fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| Zey Ab¨ fvlvi cvVKe„›` Zvi ‡jLvi m‡½ Lye GKUv cwiwPZ bb|

†gvw`qv‡bv g~jZ Jcb¨vwmK| Z‡e wkï-mvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡eI wZwb mgvb `ÿ| Zuvi Dcb¨vm¸‡jv Kgc‡ÿ 30wU fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| Bs‡iwR‡Z Ab~w`Z Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q iæ †` eywZK AemwKDi (`¨ wgwms cvimb), fq¨vR †`v †bvm (nvwbgyb), jv i›` †`v byB (bvBU ivDÛm), `y cøy †jvquv †`v jyewj (AvDU Ae `¨ WvK©), †`viv eªæ`vi (`¨ mvP© Iqv‡i›U), †j eyjfv`© †`v †mvwšÍD (wis †ivWm: A¨v †bv‡fj)| jv‡Kv¤^ jywmquv bv‡gi GKwU divwm Pjw”P‡Îi wPÎbvU¨ †hŠ_fv‡e wj‡L‡Qb †gvw`qv‡bv|   Zvui mv¤úªwZK eBwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q 2014 wLª÷v‡ãi A‡±vei gv‡m|

†bv‡ej KZ©…c‡¶i fvl¨, dÖv‡Ý 1940 †_‡K 1944 wLª÷vã ch©šÍ Rvg©vb `Lj`vwii mgq mvaviY gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Mí wb‡Ri wewfbœ †jLvq †gvw`qv‡bv wbcyYfv‡e dzwU‡q Zy‡j‡Qb| Ô¯§…wZi wkíÕ w`‡q wZwb gvby‡li fv‡M¨i †m me w`K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, †h¸‡jv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ gy‡Vvq aiv me‡P‡q KwVb| †Kwbqvi †jLK b¸wM Iqv w_‡qv‡½v, Rvcv‡bi †jLK nviæwK gyivKvwg, †ejviæ‡ki mvsevw`K-†jLK †mv‡qjbv G‡jw·‡qwfP Ges wmwiqvi Kwe Av‡`vwbm‡K †cQ‡b †d‡j c¨vwÎK †gvw`qv‡bv 2014 wLª÷v‡ãi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ mvwnZ¨-‡bv‡ej AR©b K‡ib| myBwWk GKv‡Wwgi ¯’vqx mwPe wcUvi BsjvÛ e‡jb, †gvw`qv‡bvi A‡bK eB †hb ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ K_v e‡j, GKwU AciwUi cÖwZaŸwb K‡i| G me eB‡q i‡q‡Q ¯§…wZ, cwiPq I AbymÜvb| Zuvi †jLv †QvU †QvU eB‡q bvbv ˆewP‡Î¨i g‡a¨I Ny‡iwd‡i G‡m‡Q GKB AvL¨vbe¯‘: ¯§…wZi K_v, ¶q¶wZi K_v, cwiP‡qi K_v, AbymÜv‡bi K_v| Zuv‡K GB mg‡qi weL¨vZ divwm †jLK ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|

†gvw`qv‡bv dÖv‡Ý me‡P‡q mgv`…Z †jLK‡`i GKRb| wZwb †`kwUi kxl© mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi wcÖ MuKyi †c‡q‡Qb 1978 wLª÷v‡ã| cieZ©x wZb `kK a‡i †ek K‡qKwU Dcb¨vm wj‡L wZwb mvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri K…wZZ¡‡K wek¦gn‡j Zz‡j ai‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb| wb‡R‡K wZwb cÖKvk K‡ib Gfv‡e Ñ ÔAvm‡j, Avwg KL‡bv Ab¨ wKQy Kivi K_v fvwewb| Avgvi †KvbI wW‡cøvgv wQj bv, AR©‡bi Rb¨ †KvbI wbw`©ó j¶¨I wQj bv| Z‡e ZiæY †jLK wn‡m‡e ïiæ KivUv wQj Avm‡jB KwVb| Avwg wb‡Ri cÖ_g Rxe‡bi eB¸‡jv co‡Z cQ›`B Kwi bv| Zvi gv‡b GB bq †h Avwg †m¸‡jv AcQ›` Kwi, Z‡e G me †jLvq Avwg wb‡R‡K wPb‡Z cvwi bv Ñ wb‡R‡K ZiæY Ae¯’vq †`L‡Z GKRb cÖexY Awf‡bZvi †hgb Abyf~wZ nq|Õ

g~jZ wZwb Jcb¨vwmK| Z‡e ïay Dcb¨vm bq, wkïmvwnZ¨, GgbwK Pjw”P‡Îi wPÎbvU¨I  wZwb wj‡L‡Qb| Z‡e Zvi me‡P‡q cwiwPZ KvR m¤¢eZ 1978 wLª÷v‡ã c«KvwkZ ÔiæB ‡` eywUK AemwKDiÕ (Bs‡iwR Abyev`g wgwms cvimb), ‡h Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¨ wZwb m¤§vbRbK Ôwc« ¸bKyqvÕ cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| G Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnbx M‡o D‡V‡Q Ggb GK ‡Mv‡q›`v‡K wN‡i, whwb NUbvP‡µ ¯§…wZ nvwi‡q ‡d‡j‡Qb Ges Rxe‡bi †kl Ô†KBmÕ wnmv‡e wb‡Ri cwiPq D`&NvU‡bi Z`‡šÍ ‡b‡g‡Qb| GB A‡š^l‡Y BwZnv‡mi cvZvq wZwb AbymiY K‡i P‡j‡Qb wb‡RiB ‡d‡j Avmv c`wPý| myBwWk A¨vKv‡Wwgi ‡m‡µUvwi wcUvi Bsjv›` e‡jb, ÒAvKv‡i ‡QvU, 130 ‡_‡K 150 c…ôvi GK GKwU eB| AwaKvsk Kvwnbx‡ZB wd‡i wd‡i G‡m‡Q ¯§…wZ, ¯§…wZ‡jvc, AvZ¥cwiP‡qi m¼U Avi wb‡Ri Kv‡Q ‡cŠuQv‡bvi ‡Póv|Ó†gvw`qv‡bvi eû Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnbx M‡o D‡V‡Q Zvi ‰kk‡ei c¨vwi‡m| ZviB Rxe‡bi UyK‡iv UyK‡iv Ask wb‡q M‡íi cwiYwZi w`‡K GwM‡q‡Q GK GKwU PwiÎ| KLbI KLbI wZwb Dcb¨v‡mi gvj-gmjv msM«n K‡i‡Qb gvby‡li mv¶vrKvi †_‡K, cwÎKvi wbeÜ †_‡K, KLbI ev wb‡Ri Wv‡qwi‡Z †jLv ‡bvU †_‡K, eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i hv wZwb wj‡L P‡j‡Qb| KLbI Avevi ‡gvw`qv‡bvi GKwU Dcb¨v‡mi Mí ‡_‡KB Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q Av‡iKwU Dcb¨vm, GK Kvwnbxi PwiÎ Ab¨  †KvbI Dcb¨v‡m nvwRi n‡q‡Q wfbœ ‡Kv‡bv ‡c«¶vc‡U| 

÷K‡nv‡g GK msev` m‡¤§j‡b A¨vKv‡Wwgi †m‡µUvwi wcUvi Bsjv›` e‡jb, Abe`¨ ˆkwíK ¯§„wZMÖš’bvi Rb¨ c¨vwÎK †gvw`qv‡bv‡K †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| hvi gva¨‡g wZwb gvbe-fv‡M¨i `y‡e©va¨Zvi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb, D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Qb AvMÖvm‡bi we‡k¦ Rxe‡bi eY©xj ¯^iƒc| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq `Lj`vi bvrwm evwnbxi Aax‡b d«v‡Ýi gvby‡li †e`bv`vqK AwfÁZv Ges wbR ˆkk‡ei wewfbœ `ytmn ¯§…wZ Zuv‡K Zvwo‡q †eovq| †m me BwZnvm Avi Avcb Abyf~wZi wg‡k‡j wZwb ZiæY eqm †_‡K G‡Ki ci GK m„wó K‡i‡Qb Abe`¨ Dcb¨vm| divwmfvlx c¨vwÎK †gvw`qv‡bvi Ô¯§…wZi wkíÕ G eQi myB‡W‡bi †bv‡ej KZ©…c‡¶i ¯^xK…wZ AR©b K‡i‡Q weij gh©v`vq| hv Zvu‡K mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ K‡i| AvMvgx 10 wW‡m¤^i ÷K‡nv‡g AvbyôvwbKfv‡e ‡gvw`qv‡bvi nv‡Z cyi¯‹vi eve` Zy‡j ‡`qv n‡e 80 jvL ‡µvbvi| Avgiv Zuvi ¯^v¯’¨ I `xN©vqy Kvgbv Kwi|